Additional information
Cover | Paperback |
---|---|
Dimensions (W) | 8 1/2" |
Dimensions (H) | 11" |
Publisher | Edge Enterprises, Inc. |
Year Printed | 2006 |
Includes | Manual and CD |
$44.00
Cover | Paperback |
---|---|
Dimensions (W) | 8 1/2" |
Dimensions (H) | 11" |
Publisher | Edge Enterprises, Inc. |
Year Printed | 2006 |
Includes | Manual and CD |
Overview
The Organizing Together Program is used to teach students how to organize their materials and calendars. To test the effects of a CD program for instructing teachers in how to teach the Organizing Together Program, a study was conducted with 17 general education teachers who taught a total of 293 students in grades 4 and 5. The teachers were randomly selected into three groups. Six teachers worked through this CD program and the instructor’s manual (hereafter referred to as the “CD group”) to learn how to use the Organizing Together Program. They used the program in their general education classes with a total of 121 students. Five teachers (hereafter referred to as the “manual-only group”) read the instructor’s manual. These teachers used the program with a total of 91 students. Six additional teachers received no instruction; they and their 81 students served as the “comparison group.”
The purpose of the study was to determine the comparative effects of CD/manual combination, the manual alone, and no instruction in terms of teacher and student outcomes. A posttest-only control-group design was used to determine the effects of the two methods of teacher instruction (CD + manual vs. manual only) on teacher knowledge, implementation of the program, and quality of instruction. A pretest-posttest control-group design was used to compare teacher scores on a class organization measure. A pretest-posttest control-group design was also used to determine the effects of the teachers’ instruction on student organization. Four types of analyses were used: analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), a repeated-measures factorial design, an Omnibus F test, and the general linear mixed model (GLMM) approach. All outcome (dependent) variables used in these analyses were treated as continuous variables. All analyses were conducted using a level of significance (alpha) of .05.
Results
The teachers’ implementation of the Organizing Together Program was measured in the classroom after they had read the manual or worked through the CD and the manual. The mean percentage of instructional steps implemented by the CD group was 96%; the mean percentage of steps implemented by the manual-only group was 88%. The posttest (after-training) scores of the two groups were compared using the hierarchical linear model. A significant difference was revealed, F(1, 19) = 6.87, p = .028, indicating that the CD/manual combination was more effective in producing implementation than the manual alone.
The quality of the teachers’ instruction was measured by observers using a checklist that listed the components/of quality instruction. Although the mean percentage of quality components was higher for the CD group (M = 90%) than for the manual group (M = 84%), no statistical difference was found between the groups on this measure.
The two groups of instructed teachers also took a written test of their knowledge of the Organizing Together Program. An ANOVA revealed a marginally significant difference between the posttest scores of the CD and manual-only groups, F (1,9) = 4.81, p = .056; however, the effect size, measured by partial eta-squared, was .348, a large effect according to the guidelines provided by Cohen (1988), with the CD group earning a higher mean score (M = 88%) than the manual group (M = 72%).
Observers measured the general level of organization in the classrooms using a checklist. The Omnibus test for the equality of the three means indicated a statistically significant difference, F (2,13) = 13.58, p = .001. The partial eta-squared statistic was .68, representing a very large effect (Cohen, 1988). Follow-up tests revealed significant differences between the comparison group and the CD group and between the CD group and the manual-only group, both in favor of the CD group. There was no significant difference found between the manual-only group and the comparison group.
The students in the three groups of classes took a written test of their knowledge about organizing skills. The Omnibus F-test revealed significant differences between the means of the student groups, F (2, 14.4) = 80.84, p < .0001. Follow-up tests revealed significant differences between the comparison group and each of the treatment groups, in favor of the treatment groups. No significant difference was found between the two treatment groups. (See Figure 1 for mean scores.)
Figure 1. Mean pretest and posttest percentage scores for the Student Knowledge Test
Observers used a checklist to measure student performance in organizing their desks, backpacks, calendars, and notebooks in each classroom. The results of the Omnibus F-test indicated a significant difference in the mean posttest scores of the groups, F (2,12.5) = 297.34, p < .0001. Results of follow-up tests indicated significant differences between the comparison group and each of the treatment groups, but no significant difference was found between the two treatment groups. (See Figure 2 for mean scores.)
Figure 2. Mean pretest and posttest percentage scores for the Student Organization Checklist
The CD group teachers completed a satisfaction questionnaire about the CD program. Their mean ratings on items on a 7-point Likert-type scale (with “7” indicating “completely satisfied” to “1” indicating “completely dissatisfied”) ranged from 6.3 to 6.8, with an overall mean rating of 6.8. Teachers in both instructed groups completed a satisfaction questionnaire about the Organizing Together Program. The manual-only group had an overall mean rating of 6.35, and the CD group had an overall mean rating of 6.49.
The students also completed a satisfaction questionnaire. The mean rating for manual group students was 5.84 and for CD group students was 5.91 on a 7-point scale.
Conclusions
Working through the CD professional development program combined with reading the manual produces better results in terms of teacher implementation of the program and teacher knowledge than does reading the manual alone. Additionally, the CD program produced more highly organized classrooms in terms of teacher organization. Both reading the manual alone and the combined professional development approach yielded large gains in student organization. It also produced greater student knowledge of organizational skills. Teachers in the CD group were satisfied with the CD software program, and teachers in both groups were satisfied with the Organizing Together Program. Likewise, students in both groups were satisfied with the Organizing Together Program.
References
Vernon, D.S. (2005). Effects of a professional development software program for the Organizing Together program: Progress Report. SBIR Phase II # R44HD41819. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
D. Sue Vernon, Ph.D.
Affliations
My Background and Interests
By wearing my different hats (a university instructor, a certified teaching-parent, a trainer and evaluator of child-care workers, a SIM professional development specialist, a parent of three children (one with exceptionalities), and a researcher), I have gained knowledge and experience from a number of perspectives. I have a history of working with at-risk youth with and without exceptionalities (e.g., students with learning disabilities, emotional disturbance, behavioral disorders) in community-based residential group-home treatment programs and in schools. I also have extensive experience with training, evaluating, and monitoring staff who work with these populations, and I have conducted research with and adapted curricula for high-poverty populations. In addition to the Organizing Together program and other programs in the Community Building Series, I’ve developed and field-tested the Cooperative Thinking Strategies Series, interactive multimedia social skills curricula, communication skills instruction, and professional development programs. I have also developed and validated social skills measurement instruments. As a lecturer of graduate-level university courses in the Department of Special Education at the University of Kansas, I have taught courses designed to enable teachers to access and become proficient in validated research-based practices.
The Story Behind the Organizing Together Professional Development CD
My focus for the last 30 years has been on helping at-risk youths, particularly in the area of learning and using social skills. My interest in social skills instruction began when I was a teaching-parent in a group home for adolescents who had a history of social problems. One of our major goals in our group home was to make it a safe, respectful place where the youths would feel connected and comfortable while they were learning skills to help them succeed socially and academically. As I watched their growing success, I wanted to find a way to introduce social skills instruction to more children as a way to prevent social problems. I thought the perfect place for this instruction would be in the general education classroom.
Later, as reported school-related tragedies seemed to increase in frequency and become more deadly, I became especially interested in developing ways to prevent bullying and also in ways to create a kinder, more positive classroom environment than was commonly found in public education. A common thread in many interviews with the perpetrators of school violence was not only that they suffered from being bullied most of their lives, but they also felt no connection to their school and the people (e.g., administrators, teachers, or other students) in it.
As a result, two lines of research were born. My first series of research studies focused on social interactions in cooperative groups and resulted in the Cooperative Thinking Strategies Series. The importance of creating a positive, productive learning community in the classroom was part of each program in this series, but teachers indicated that they would like more information about creating learning communities. They wanted their students to be tolerant and supportive, and they wanted a way to systematically teach those concepts and skills to the whole class. As educators, my colleagues and I wanted to help teachers build learning communities where all student learning is supported, especially the learning of students who struggle in school. Thus, we began work on a series of instructional programs focused on the classroom community. Those programs now comprise the Community-Building Series. A founding premise associated with all the programs is that students are taught to work together and help each other.
We developed and tested the Organizing Together program in third-, fourth- and fifth-grade inclusive general education classrooms. We tested the program in those grades to ensure that young students could benefit from the instruction; however, the program has since been used successfully in secondary classrooms as well. Our goal was to develop a program that benefited students both with and without exceptionalities by helping them become connected learners within a positive, supportive learning environment. In the first lesson of the Organizing Together instruction, students review what they have learned in the Talking Together program (the first program in the Community-Building Series) including the prerequisite concepts of participating, working with partners, respect, tolerance and creating a learning community. During the next lessons in Organizing Together instruction, students learn how to organize their notebooks, desks, lockers, and backpacks. They also learn how to use a weekly calendar to record and remember assignments and events. Once instruction has been completed, students are expected to use their organizational skills throughout the school year and to help each other stay organized. Generally, the time that teachers build into the daily and weekly schedule for organizational activities results in faster transitions (e.g., while turning in papers), better grades, and happier parents.
Once the Organizing Together Program was developed and shown to be effective, we wanted to provide an inexpensive way for teachers to learn how to use the program. Thus, the Organizing Together Professional Development CD was born. It contains step-by-step instructions on how to teach the Organizing Together lessons along with videoclips of a teacher teaching the lessons.
My Thoughts About Community-Building Instruction
Observing student learning of the Organizing Together skills has been educational. The amount of “stuff” that they can fit and forget about in desks, cubbies, lockers, and backpacks is truly amazing! Organization is clearly challenging for many students. While the concepts and routines associated with organization are straightforward and easy to understand, unfortunately, many students do not use organizational skills unless they receive direct instruction. Having time structured into the class schedule and teaching students how to organize their daily lives is something the students indicate that they like, and the outcomes associated with an organized learning environment are rewarding. A colleague mentioned to me that he used the Organizing Together program in after-school sessions with middle-school students and their parents. Parents were partners in helping their child learn organizational skills and use the organization checklists. Even though the parents were almost brought to tears when they encountered homework and projects that they had spent hours helping their child complete, crumpled up and forgotten (i.e., not turned in to the teacher) in a locker or backpack, they loved the program and were excited to have new ideas and strategies to help them help their child stay organized.
Teacher and Student Feedback on the Organizing Together Program
Organizing Together has been a popular program that has been used flexibly in school, after school, and at home. Teachers at different grade levels have successfully used the program. Two comments typify the feedback that I’ve received from teachers about the program:, “The thing I liked most about the Organizing Together lessons was having all the students organize their desks in a uniform way,” and “I would definitely recommend this program to other teachers.” Examples of student comments include, “Getting organized is very helpful,” “Now I know what’s going on,” “I liked organizing my junky binder. It was cool and nice,” “I really liked knowing how to be organized,” “I like being able to find my stuff easier,” “This program is good because when you get older, you have to get organized for your jobs,” “Being organized gets you a better job,” and “Now it’s fun and easy to find things in my notebook, backpack, and desk.”
My Contact Information
Please contact me at svernon2@windstream.net